never feudalised) provinces of Friesland and Groningen. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order: the duchy of Guelders ( Gelre in Dutch), the counties of Holland and Zeeland, the former bishopric of Utrecht, the lordship of Overijssel, and the free (i.e. This left the provinces in rebellion without a head. For many reasons, it was not a success, and Leicester left in 1588. Elizabeth did make the provinces an English protectorate and sent over the Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester as governor-general ( Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585). After the assassination of rebel leader William the Silent, it was offered in turn to and declined by Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England. ![]() The sovereignty of the provinces was first offered to Francis, Duke of Anjou, but his 1583 coup d'état was foiled and he was ousted. When several provinces and cities in rebellion against Philip II of Spain declared themselves independent in 1581 with the Act of Abjuration, they initially aspired to appoint another prince as head of state. The States-General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. These latter were governed directly by the States-General ( Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The Dutch Republic existed from 1579 to 1795 and was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. Coat of arms of the republic of the united Netherlands
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